Radioactivity

Concepts:























6 protons (we can deduce this from the proton number
12 nucleons à 6 protons and 6 neutrons
No. of protons = no. of electrons
Therefore… no. of electrons = 6





4 nucleons
2 protons and 2 neutrons
and of course… 2 electrons






But we wear outt only have this


We also have this


These devil ar called isotopes of carbon!

Definition: Isotopes are atoms of the same agent which
have different number of neutrons

Examples: Hydrogen exists in third isotopes; protium, deuterium and tritium
Uranium which is used in nuclear ability plants exists as three main isotopes; uranium uranium-238, uranium-235 and uranium-234

*1 all told elements have more than one isotope!
*2 Many of these isotopes are unstable.
*3 This means that the nucleus breaks up into smaller nuclei.
*4 When this happens alpha(α ) particles,
Beta (β)-particles and gamma (γ)- rays may be emitted from the nucleus.




*5 This is called hot decay









Detecting radioactivity


The Geiger-Muller tube (G-M tube)










G-M tube and the Geiger counter



*1 A potential difference of about 400 V is utilise between the anode and the cathode.
*2 In between the anode and the cathode theres argon gas at low pressure
*3 The destroy of the tube is sealed by mica window shorten enough to allow alpha particles to pass into the tube as well as beta and gamma radiation.
*4 When an α (alpha) or β (beta) particle enters the tube (or gamma radiation) the argon gas becomes ionised.
*5 This causes the flow of ions between the electrodes and a pulse of current flows in a circuit that is part of the G-M tube.
*6 This circuit is both connected to a scaler or a ratemeter. A scaler counts the pulses and shows the lend on a display. A ratemeter indicates the number of pulses or counts per second....If you motive to get a full essay, order it on our website: Orderessay



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