Environmental effects.

1.CFCs and substitutes and the oz iodine hole.

The environmental effects of CFCs and their substitutes

a.CFCs - highly stable molecules, lifespan in the atmosphere of between 50 and 100 years; determine 2 or 3 chlorine atoms.

b.CFCs substitutes ( transitional compounds)

i.HCFCs - one or more of the chlorine atoms has been replaced by hydrogen atoms, lifespan in the atmosphere about 20 years, have a tenth or twentieth of the potential damage of the CFCs.

ii.HFCs - all(prenominal) the chlorine is replaced by hydrogen - not damaging to ozone - lifetime in the atmosphere about 20 years.

c.All of these three families of compounds argon also very potent greenho expenditure gases.

d.Some hydrocarbons - propane and isobutene - are straight increasingly used as a greener alternative to some(prenominal) the CFCs and their transitional replacement.

The hole in the ozone layer

a.The stratosphere - 10 to 50 km above the Earths surface - contains ozone which absorbs some of the more dangerous forms of solar radiation [UV radiation and X-Rays].

b. The thickness of the ozone layer can quiver by several percentages every day.

c.The ozone layer is affected by halogenated substances, such as chlorine (Cl), fluorine (Fl) and bromine (Br) compounds.

d.Production and use of these substances is being reduced substantially under the Montreal Protocol.

e.Deterioration of the ozone layer is typically a global problem.

2.



Air pollution and what are the main pollutions

In burn process the following is involved:

§Re starts are consumed.

§Useful service are provided.

§Waste gases are produced.

Here are the main melody pollutants that arise from fossil fuel burning, along with some of their unwrap effects on human health.

oSulphur dioxide (SO2) - causes dot rain - source; power stations and other large combustion plants.

oNitrogen oxides (NOx) - causes acid rain - source; Transport.

oParticulates (black...

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