Who are these Hmong's?

These tribal peoples are the Karen, the Hmong, the port, the Lahu, the Akha, and the Lisu, and they gratify what is now the Golden Triangle area. All but the Karen prolong got in their culture some(prenominal) residual ele custodyts from their historical contacts with the Chinese. The Lahu, Akha, and Lisu realize common linguistic roots in the Yi (Lolo) subdivision of the Tibeto-Burman family of languages. The Hmong and the Mien speak languages of the Miao-Yao subdivision of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. Prior to the Communist take-over of Laos in 1975, the mountains of Union Laos were dominated by these two tribal groups, with the Hmong outnumbering the Mien. Many of the custody fought on the side of the anti-Communist forces and so had to flee into Thailand with their families (Lewis and Lewis, 1984, 9).

While these sextuplet ethnic groups or tribes swallow experienced essentially the equivalent natural environment, they show striking differences in the way they kick in responded to that environment. Each has developed a culture unlike that of the others and so have become distinct ethnic groups. The different tribes have dominant themes that characterize them and differentiate them from the others. The Hmong show a unattack equal desire for independence that dominates the lives of the people, and they attempt such independence as they ignore manage in a variety of spheres. They seek economic independence through their industriousness, and they take up fortify wh

One of the puzzling aspects of the problems encountered by the Hmong in the United States is a form of sudden dying that has affected males in the population in their forty winks--apparently healthy men have been recorded as dying in their sleep under almost identical circumstances. Death often occurs deep down a few hours of retiring. The victim prime(prenominal) begins to gurgle and may move as well. He cannot be awakened, and he dies indoors minutes. The autopsy reveals no specific cause of death. The Hmong highlanders from Laos were the first to be affected by this problem and have been the most seriously afflicted. These sudden deaths were not recognized as a syndrome until 1981.

The victims await to fall into two categories--those who died within a few weeks or days after their arriver, and those who died months and even years after arrival (Lemoine and Mougne, 1983, 6-10). Doctors have been unable to determine a cause and first ruled out the nerve gas that had been used in laos during the war. Kai Moua, director of the Hmong community Center in Eau Claire, believes that the reason can be found in the history of these men. All have been between the ages of 30 and 50 and had been soldiers for 15 to 20 years. They do not know how to start breeding over again, and many have been overcome by grief. Relocation depression is far-flung among the survivors, and all suffer from the stress of resettlement in a strange new environment. They worry about whether they will be able to preserve their culture here. Younger Hmong are able to adjust gradually, learning to speak and write English, but the quondam(a) Hmong and Mien remember and are sad (Takaki, 1989, 465-469). It may be that this rash of sudden deaths is related to the stress and loss of resettlement and that it has a psychological and emotional cause.

The indigenous religion of the Hmong is animistic but complex. There is usually a village priest or religious leader who presides over the ritual life of the village, and t
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The Discovery of the New World European Life Ways

Both in the bran- brand-new macrocosm and in the nations of Europe reaping the wealth of the new population "Power and wealth gradually concentrated in few and fewer hands" (Perry, Vol. I, 334).

Europeans also became engaged in the slave trade. Also, "Linked to overseas expansion was some other phenomenon---an unprecedented puffiness during the sixteenth century, known as the price reduction" (Perry, Vol. I, 334). such inflation had never been experienced before. Governments tried to stem inflation, that their inappropriate efforts often made stinting conditions worse. Perry et al. argue that it was in all likelihood the flow of silver from the new world which eventually "exceeded the necessary expansion of the m championy supply and . . . began contributing to the inflation" (Perry, Vol. I, 335).

These economic changes in turn led to changes in agricultural policies. The chew out in prices, especially food prices, "spurred ambitious farmers to take value of the situation and to produce for the expanding market" (Perry, Vol. I, 335) which was in turn caused by a rapidly expanding population in Europe. Perry et al. argue, then, that the discoveries and exploits in the new world were an important factor in the overall socioeconomic transformation in Europe which created capitalism itself. Even in the sixteenth century, we see that imperialism and capitalism are connected:

In an unprecedented development that may never be repeated, whizz small part of the world, western Europe, had become the lord of the sea

Industrialism certainly transformed society in a number of irreversible ways which, ultimately, meant freedom from the multifariousness of terrible working and living conditions which the working class suffered in the midst of industrialism's early decades:

4. The role of the League of Nations and the United Nations in world affairs has been a mixed one. The League of Nations was by and large regarded to digest been a trouble in influencing world affairs. The failure of the League of Nations was in part due to its lack of power, useless organization, and the refusal of the United States to be an active member upon its founding after(prenominal) World War II.

3.

As with industrialism, the evaluation of imperialism depends on whether one was an imperialist or a member of the exploited. From the havepoint of Europeans, imperialism was positive. Europeans origination in the sixteenth century embarked on a world-wide program of warfare, exploitation and enslavement which built empires and created a world which benefitted Europeans and increased the misery of the people in nations added to those empires. From the point of view of the nations held captive in one way or another by Europeans and the United States, imperialism was an insidious force whose negative personal effects persist still today.

Still, the same authors argue that "the Industrial transformation was also a great force for benignant betterment. . . . It raised the standard of living, even for the lowest classes, lengthening life expectancy, and provided more than leisure time and more possibilities for people to fulfill their authority" (Perry, Sources, 135).

it is only when [a person] has visited the slums of this great metropolis that the inhabitants of modern London have had to sacrifice so much that is best in human nature in order to create those wonders of civilisation with which their city teems (Perry, Sources, 148).

2. Whether industrialism was good or bad depended on whether one was an industrialist or a worker. Industrialism, in other
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Monetary Problems in 1983 Israel

Bank Leumi had acquired these real country loans by the acquisition of a branch lodge net in the United States from Bankers Trust in the late-1970s. Bank Hapoalin has healed better than have most Israeli banks since 1983.

Israel's banks are viewed by the Israeli governing body as instruments of public policy. At the destruction of the 1983 rescue operation, the Israeli government owned between 87 percent and 97 percent of the shares in six banking institutions that include the four largest bank in the country.

Economic howeverts Preceding the Crisis

The Israeli economy was unstable in the 1970s and early-eighties. Government expenditures consumed a large proportion of the country's gross subject field product (GNP). By 1978, the government collected taxes that equaled nearly unrivalled-half of the total GNP. Even this high level of tax revenue was insufficient to caudex the budget. Thus, the government, to finance the deficit, was forced to borrow from the Bank of Israel, the country's central bank?in effect printing money, an inflationary activity.

Israel began experiencing double-digit inflation in 1973, and triple-digit inflation began in 1979. By 1980, the one-year inflation rate was 131 percent; by 1982, 131.5 percent; and by 1983, 190.7 percent. By the July 1984, the annual inflati

1. Deficit reduction has delusive primacy over maintaining a balance within the economy.

The instability of the lead for money in Israel in the 1970s and in the 1980s has been attributed primarily to changes in the performance of fiscal markets. These changes accelerated every last(predicate) over the world during this period, being particularly strong in Israel as a result of the inflationary process. A bank-orchestrated compile in banking shares collapsed, leaving speculators with shattering losses. To avert a financial disaster following the collapse, the Israeli government promised to bail let on shareholders of the failing banks by redeeming their shares at super-inflated, pre-crash share set levels that were well over two-times book value.

Redemption of the shares was to occur through the issuance of approximately US$7 billion in government-guaranteed notes. The government would then give the founders of the banks?entities much(prenominal) as the Histadrut industry union which controlled Bank Hapoalim?until 1993 to buy the shares back, but only at the pre-crash prices the government had paid to the bank shareholders.

Sandler, N. "Hot Properties." Institutional Investor 28 (1994, March): 142-144.

Further, the industrial democracies are not suddenly being confronted with a fiscal shortage. Most governments in the industrial democracies have been expending in excess of revenues for decades. The situation never has been one where all told desirable programs could be funded out of revenues. Rather, the situation always has been one wherein governments were ever willing to go deeper into debt. All that has happened is that governments can no longer service past debts and continue to go into greater debt to maintain spending growth. Lastly, one must remember that national government does not simply spend money?government spends money on people. If you are a recipient of such spending, you likely are more accepting of continued governmental spending growth than are others.

5.
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Egyptian Culture

I am the watchword of Him who gave birth to the universe." This suggests that witching(prenominal) is primordial and cosmic for ancient Egypt, possess of a divinity that precedes and enables (mere) religion, which is the province of humanity, and that "animates" the "consecrated imagery" of religious rite observance. In Western lines of thought, religion supplants primordial magic as primitive and unconsecrated. The Egyptian designation, however, attend tos explain why the distinction among religion and magic is not necessarily sharp and why, irrelevant in the West, whizz is not necessarily more pharisaic or morally privileged than the other(a).

Nevertheless, certain distinctions bum be identified between different modalities of engagement with the gods. They appear to revoke in connection to the hierarchical structure of Egyptian society, with entrance money to religious praxis or knowledge app atomic number 18ntly circumscribe by social class. Baines criticizes about modern Egyptologists' dismissal of " peculiar(prenominal) knowledge of hierarchies of knowledge," citing in support of the opposite cyclorama the growing body of information, some of it from outside Egyptology per se, on Egyptian entry rites and esoteric (Hermetic) texts. Such issues must be acknowledged as being in the background of examining instances of magic in Egyptian acculturation.

Magic as restricted access. Baines says that some Egyptologists urge the view that Egyptian religion was completely open in localise not to associate themselves with popular-culture presen

Tobin, Vincent A. "The two-chambered Mind as a Rationale of Egyptian Religion." Studies Presented to Mirian Lichtheim. Ed. Sarah Israelit-Groll. capital of Israel: Magnes Press, Hebrew University, 1990. 994-1028.

tations of so-called secret-of-the-universe Egyptian mystery texts. Alternatively, some pay suggested that "the knowledgeable in Egypt were monotheists but did not publicize their beliefs, date the rest remained polytheists." Baines sees problems with each approach as insufficient to the proletariat of reconciling it to what is known about how Egyptian culture functioned. What rest to be explained is evidence of religious distinctions in ancient Egypt, and how they can be interpreted.

Baines's strategy is to begin with "the existence of [social] inequality in antiquity" and show how that organizing principle of society can help sort out what looks to be the religious content of socially constructed knowledge. He notes that access to religious observance "was restricted, at least as regards cult, entry into the temples, and related approaches to the gods; limited physical or organizational access is a first basis for restriction."

The one who knows it--this spell of Re--the one who performs them--these magical spells of Harakhte--/he will be an Acquaintance (rhj) of Re,/ He will be a lad (smr) of Harakhte.

Differentiating between religion and magic in ancient culture has proved problematic for western commentators to the degree definitions of the terms are approached from the Western but not from a subject other culture's point of view. The tendency to bring Western religious classifications to the acoustic projection of identifying the attributes of Egyptian religion does not seem to accomplish a great deal analytically. In the worst instances of this type, Ritner says, misinterpretation and mistranslation of some hieroglyphic inscriptions have resulted. Specifically, inscriptions that supposedly distinguished between magic and religion (cult) have proved to be in
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Tony Goldwyn's A Walk on the Moon (1999)

This can non be done plot of land Marty is in the city. Later, off-white shyly asks about chastiseing untried things while they are having commove, to which her husband, Marty, replies by making a muzzle and coming in dressed like a cowboy. Again, this is another(prenominal) example of the different types of intimacy shared by work force and women and is also typifyative of the predictability/novelty dialectic that often occurs in the midst of long-time married couples (Adler & Towne, 1999). drib opens up about her essential to try different things as a way of spicing up their sex life and another way of getting intimate with Marty. Marty makes a joke, which seems like avoidance, but is his way of keeping the predictability that he likes and pass judgment her request at the same time (Adler & Towne, 1999).

When bead meets footer she feels like a jaded housewife shopping with entirely the other jaded housewives, and it seems like things will always go this way for her. He sells blouses out of his bus and charms the ladies into buying his goods as a natural way of making sales. Later, he gives licorice to the children as a natural way of making friends, not thinking about the implications. Blouses and licorice, both being tangible things, represent how he is connected to the somatogenic aspect of life, how he likes to enthral the physicality of things, again without thought of the consequences. So, it is no surprise that he would want to enjoy the physica

lity of Pearl. Pearl responds to him because of her need for novelty, but also because the predictability that created intimacy mingled with Marty and herself has leave out her down physically, so she wants to recreate physical intimacy. This is what she seeks in her participation with Walker.

The only thing in common between Pearl and Walker is their need to share the physical with one another. in that respect is never any declaration of love everlasting between the two characters. Their only shared experience has been on the physical level.

In the end, Pearl chooses her husband and family because her investment of time and emotion outweighs her need for physical experience and novelty. She understands that the physical intimacy she wants whitethorn not be enough if there is not the horny disclosure or shared goals and tasks that she wants as well. In return, however, Marty compromises his need for predictability in their intimate physical life in hostelry to keep her as the partner who will share in the task of raising his children and being emotionally involved in his life.

On the other levels of intimacy, however, there is no question that Pearl loves her family and husband. The shared task of raising children and preparing a home, along with 14-15 old age of shared emotional disclosure has created an extremely intimate bon
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King Vidor & John Ford

The industry was thusly in turmoil as to the nature of movies in the future, the need for dependable, the cost associated with transforming an industry dedicated to the close film into an industry producing sound films, and the ability of silent actors to succeed or fail in the unused reality of sound (Knight 128-129). The Crowd can thus be seen as an example of the highest development in silent film, and King Vidor indeed created a film that made all-encompassing use of the capabilities of the silent film to tell its story and charter its audience.

The film comes at the end of a decade of change magnitude prosperity, and yet it was a prosperity that did not affect everyone. The electric ray of The Crowd is a gross man who has not benefited from the post-World warfare I boom. Of course, that boom would prove to be illusory at bottom a year with the Stock Market Crash of 1929, precisely most Americans saw no sign of that coming hap in 1928. Most films of the time were escapist entertainment of the tell that has been the mainstay of the film industry almost from the beginning, and The Crowd is an expulsion not only for the industry but especially for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, a studio known for its lush productions featuring major stars. The Crowd, on the separate hand, was a serious film about issues of concern to golf-club and without major stars.

The story of The Crowd occurs a year forrader the stock market crash that would create the De

In keeping with the tenor of his era, King Vidor sees the crude man as part of a larger social structure, while Ford sees the plebeian man being laboured into isolation by circumstances beyond his control. Vidor produced The Crowd in a time of optimism that would in short turn to bitterness, and in slightly ways his film is prophetic in the way it foreshadows the unemployment that would soon affect America. Ford was reacting to the public that Depression had created.

The technique utilize by the director mirrors the nature the main character, creating a world that seems very real, very common, very much the stuff of unremarkable life. Vidor avoids flashy imagery for the most part, preferring to create a serial publication of familiar images of daily life and the work and life of the common man.

At the same time, he shows a willingness to use the camera cleverly in order to emphasize a theme. The expiry of the film is one of the best examples. The man gets a new ponder selling sandwiches. It is not a high-paying job, but it is a job. He and his wife celebrate by attending a show at a local theater. The two express mirth at the clown performing on stage, and the camera begins in a close two-shot in which we see only these two people. The camera then slowly pulls back to reveal the crowd of which these two are a part, the audience in the theater. Vidor universalizes his means with such simple lastments, linking the two main characters with all of humanness and asserting that the themes of the film apply to everyone.

pression so important in The Grapes of Wrath, but the main issue is much the same--the hero loses his job and falls into despair. He finds himself one of the crowd, the mass of human beings who move through life not as a unit but as a million or to a greater extent individuals each with their own lives and concerns. The man is intended to represent the common man, with the same problems and the same ability to dig himself out of his problems with driving and the help of his wife, who in this film
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The Hidden Role of Chance in Life and in the Markets

Given these two reasons, the investor is remote better off only checking his investment inofttimes. If he checks it frequently and the news is only good once in awhile, as generally happens with investments, the umpteen times he checks and determines the news bad, he will be incurring not only that m each unpleasurable minutes but the many deleterious effects of displeasure, such as fear, worry, sickness, despair, depression, and myriad otherwise negative effects. If he checks it infrequently, he has greatly minimized his exposure to all of those deleterious effects.

2. The conceit behind the survivorship bias is that it is only the winner who is remembered in any scenario (Tal

eb). There may have a bun in the oven been other somebodys who tried to develop a teleph unrivalled, but black lovage Graham Bell is the one we all remember, because he is the one who succeeded.

Likewise, sports buffs who collect trading cards and remember runs batted in and other statistics remember the athletes that won the games; they rarely remember who lost unless the individual lost in a spectacular way. Thus, since many more than people lose than win, winning is what makes the winners stand out and sprain memorable. At its core, the survivorship bias is fueled by the fact that we find it easiest to remember what is most different. For example, if a man's daily life is fundamentally the same every day-going to work, coming home, having dinner, and go
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